Top 1000 geniuses: 601-700

In genius rankings, top 1000 geniuses refers to the greatest five-hundred geniuses of all time ranked by IQ or “relative brightness or intellect” (Cox, 1926); below are the sixth tier greatest geniuses of all time, numbers 601 to 700.

Geniuses | 601-700
The following are the geniuses "601 to 700" of the top 1000 geniuses (previous: 1-100, 201-300, 301-400, 401-500, 501-600, next: 701-800, 801-900, 901-1000): [N1]

	Geniuses 601 to 700
		-------------------------------------------------------
— 601	Jules Mazarin (1602-1661)	$IQ_C \,$ =160	(Cattell 1000:114) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] French statesman.
— 602	Henry Thoreau (1817-1862)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:207\|1,310+] (GPE) mentored by Ralph Emerson (IQ:170\|#308); his Civil Disobedience, on the idea of “[non-violent] refusing to cooperate with evil systems” influenced many geniuses, e.g. Leo Tolstoy, Martin King, etc.; note: seems that Alex Bickle mistranslated “Thou” (Ѻ), i.e. Jacques Thou (1553-1617), Cox IQ of 175, as “Thoreau”, listing (Ѻ) him with IQ of 175, which is not the case (Cox does not discuss Thoreau); downgraded to 165\|#444 (Jan 2018); downgraded ↓ to 160\|#520 (Feb 2018) per his “science ruins the beauty of a red sunset” quote.
— 603	Peter Rubens (1577-1640)	$IQ_C \,$ =160	(Cattell 1000:91) [RGM:231\|1,310+] Flemish painter.
— 604	Demosthenes (384-322BC)		(Cattell 1000:36) [RGM:N/A\|1,350+] (Murray 4000:N/A) (Singh 100:99) Greek statesman and orator; “Hitchens was wonderfully witty, immensely erudite, seemed to have read absolutely everything, he could quote by the yard. He was a devastating wit and his opponents in debate had reason to regret taking him on. Martin Amis said that he would triumph even against Cicero and Demosthenes.” — Richard Dawkins (2011), comment (Ѻ) Hitchens passing, Dec 16 First-slating: 160\|#515 (Mar 2018).
— 605	Diodorus (c.90-20BC)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,360+] (CR:18) Greek historian; noted for his c.40BC Historical Library, aka Bibliotheca Historica (Ѻ), a 40-volume set, of which only 1-5 and 11-20 survive, arranged into part one (Ancient Egypt up to destruction of Troy), part two (Trojan War to Alexander the Great), and part three (post Alexander to beginning of Caesar’s Gallic War, c.59BC); influential to Lucilio Vanini, Robert Taylor, Timothy Freke, and Dorothy Murdock; first-slating: 160\|#515 (Apr 2018).
— 606	Al-Kindi (c.800-873)		[RGM:745\|1,500+] (CR:1) Muslim Arab philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician, musician cryptographer (Ѻ); top ten middle ages genius; one of the first to initiate the import of Greek philosophy into Arabic thinking, including: Socrates, Aristotle, Plotinus, and Euclid; was one of the first blue sky problem theorists; an alchemy debunker, e.g. asserting that base metals cannot be transformed into gold or silver; first-slating: IQ:160\|#556 (Jan 2019).
— 607	Abu Al-Biruni (973-1048)		(GME:43) (CR:8) Iranian-born Afghanistan astronomer, mathematician, physicist, comparative religions scholar, a universal genius claimant; “The difference between you and me is that you’re a philosopher and I’m a [mathematical] scientist.” — Abu Al-Biruni (c.1020), “Letter to Avicenna” First-slating: 160\|#567 (Jan 2019).
— 608	Henri Bergson (1858-1941)		(Gottlieb 1000:890) (Becker 139:72) (Stokes 100:57) (Perry 80:46) (CR:67) French evolution theory philosopher, noted for his 1907 Creative Evolution, in which he attempts to intermix thermodynamic principles, with the term "creation" or "creative", as a patch solution to the incompatibilities between Darwin, Carnot, and theism; his model is sometimes referred (Ѻ) to as “Bergsonian philosophy”; first-slating: 160\|#608 as being lower than that of Teilhard (180\|#121) and Prigogine (170\|#433), who carried his argument to their fullest extent, probability in the neighborhood of Spencer (165\|#522), who he tried to correct (Apr 2020).
— 608	George Sand (1804-1876)	$IQ_C \,$ =160 $IQ_O \,$ =150	(Cattell 1000:173) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] French novelist, memoirist, and socialist; “We cannot tear out a single page of our life, but we can throw the whole book in the fire.” Before 17, she had read Plutarch, Livy, Herodotus, Tacitus, and Rousseau, whose philosophy she was particularly devoted; influential to: Victor Hugo, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Walt Whitman; IQ:150 (Ѻ).
— 609	Madame Sevigne (1626-1696)	$IQ_C \,$ =160	(Cattell 1000:222) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] French epistolary writer; gained posthumous fame for her 1,120 letters, addressed to her daughter over the course of 30 years, note for their wit and vividness; influential to Voltaire (Ѻ).
— 610	Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1535)		(Cattell 1000:739) [RGM:N/A\|1,300+] German occult philosopher, theologian, physician, legal expert, and soldier; influential to: Giordano Bruno, John Dee, Jean Meslier, Mary Shelley, and Soren Kierkegaard; first slating: 160#550 (Apr 2018).
— 611	Erich Fromm (1900-1980)		[RGM:661\|1,500+] (CR:16) German-born American social psychologist; first-slating 160\|#550 (Nov 2018).
— 612	Peter Abelard (1079-1142)		(Cattell 1000:110) [RGM:N/A\|1,360+] French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and logician, characterized a “fine genius” (Bayle, c.1693) and “keenest thinker of the 12th century” (Chambers, 1897); first-slating: 160\|#517 (Mar 2018).
— 613	Charles Sumner (1811-1874)	$IQ_C \,$ =160	(Cattell 1000:771) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] American politician, lawyer, and senator.
— 614	Cleopatra (69-30BC)		[RGM:413\|1,500+] Egyptian diplomat, naval commander, linguist, and medical author; Into her teens, she became fluent in Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, and Egyptian, and was the only queen in 300 years to learn the local tongue; last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt; colloquially ranked as 2nd ranked smartest woman of all time” (Thims, c.2011); Marc Anthony gave over 200,000 scrolls to her for inclusion in the Alexandrian library (Ѻ); was compared to George Sand as “another woman of royal soul (Howe, 1861) (Ѻ); IQ crudely gauged at 180 (c.2011) (Ѻ)(Ѻ); first-slating: 160\|#572 (Jun 2019).
— 615	Marvin Minsky (1927-1216)	$IQ_O \,$ =200+ $IQ_O \,$ =160	[RGM:868\|1,250+] characterized as “father of AI”; an IQ:200+ missing candidate (Ѻ); Isaac Asimov stated that Minsky and Carl Sagan were two people he conceded were smarter than he was; IQ ranked (2016) by AI zealot / Christopher Langan fan, at 160 (Ѻ); Minsky conceded (Ѻ) that John Nash was smarter than he was, in his comment that Nash solved his PhD problem dissertation, which he was stuck on, by suggesting a Fourier series.
— 616	Louis Thiers (1797-1877)	$IQ_C \,$ =160
— 617	John Wesley (1703-1791)	$IQ_C \,$ =160
— 618	George Villiers (aka Clarendon) (1800-1870)	$IQ_C \,$ =160

			↑ 160+

— 619	William Blake (1757-1827)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:213\|1,310+] (Murray 4000:N/A) English poet, artist, writer, and philosopher; noted for his "energy is eternal delight" stylized poetry; some think (Ѻ) was “IQ was off the chart”; first-slating: 155\|#183 (Feb 2018).
— 620	Milton Friedman (1912-2006)	$IQ_O \,$ =300 $IQ_O \,$ =208 $IQ_O \,$ =130, 170	[RGM:330\|1,250+] a greatest economist ever; cited at IQ of 208, according to a 2010 YouTube post (by spinnerZulu) who heard it on a radio show (in Libb Thims IQ:200+ genius folder); IQ estimated (Ѻ) at 130, 170, 300, in EconJobRumors forum (2014), via polling.
— 621	William Thackeray (1811-1863) ↑	$IQ_C \,$ =150	Gets IQ upgrade for keen interest in Goethe's Elective Affinities.
— 622	Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	A GLAE candidate; his 1615 Don Quixote was ranked by the Norwegian Book Club’s 2002 100 Best Books of All Time listing as the “best literary work ever written”, based on 100 top ten lists, submitted by a 100 writers, from 54 countries; a book notably read by Albert Einstein (IQ=220) and his Olympia Academy group (see: Filon-Pearson demon).
— 623	William Wallace (c.1270-1305)		(Cattell 1000:957) [RGM:N/A\|1,500+] (EPD:M+F\|~8) Scottish rebellion leader; first-slating, generally per his legendary persona (Ѻ), at: IQ:155\|#603 (Oct 2019).
— 624	John Kennedy (1917–1963)	=160	[RGM:114\|1,305+] a top American President (see: American Presidents by IQ).
— 625	Zeno of Elea (495-435BC)		(Cattell 1000:726) [RGM:1,229\|1,310+] (ACR:12) (Stokes 100:6) (Eells 100:100) Greek-Italian philosopher, was one of three main philosophers of the Eleatic school, founded by Parmenides, whose third member includes Melissus (500-440BC) — whose essential tenets were the denial of change, denial of the void (or non-being), denial of movement, in support of the overarching postulate of continuity of being (or being oneness), or something along these lines — generally known for his famous paradoxes, e.g. Achilles and the tortoise, which aimed to repudiate plurality and change, and thus motion; first-slating: 155\|#475 (Jan 2018).
— 626	Carl Clausewitz (1780-1831)		[RGM:226\|1,500+] (GMG:9) (CR:9) Prussian general noted for his moral, i.e. “moral force”, and romantic theory of warfare, who in his 1832 posthumously-published treatise On War, used the principle of friction to distinguish real war from the mechanical, Newtonian world; a Philoepisteme “top 10 missing” (Ѻ) top 1000 geniuses candidate (2018); first-slating: 155\|#605 (Oct 2019).
— 627	Titian (1488-1576) ↑	$IQ_B \,$ =145	(Cattell 1000:146) [RGM:200\|1,500+] (Murray 4000:3\|WA) Italian painter; “Giotto, Titian, Rembrandt, and Goya were the great painters. I am only a public clown.” — Pablo Picasso (1952), Interview (Ѻ) Noted for: Assumption of the Virgin (1518), Venus of Urbino (1534), Diana and Actaeon (1559), among others; upgraded from IQ:145\|#662 to IQ:155\|#582.
— 627	Marco Polo (1254-1324)		(Cattell 1000:127) [RGM:147\|1,500+] (Gottlieb 1000:66) Italian merchant, explorer, and writer; noted, just as the Greek Heraclitus did with his visits to the Egyptians and surrounding foreign lands, for his travels to the Islamic and Asian countries, and reported back to the Western world, information about various stories, tales, and cultural natures; first-slating: 145\|#610 (Mar 2018); upgrade ↑ from 145\|#728 to 155\|#627 per Sabah quote (Apr 2020).
— 628	Alexander Hamilton (1756-1804)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 629	Giacomo Casanova (1725-1798)		(Cattell 1000:814) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Italian adventurer, author, and romance philosopher; a semi-ranked polymath (Carr, 2009); first-slating 155\|#490 (Feb 2018).
— 630	Orestes Brownson (1803-1876) ↑		(Cattell 1000:#) [RGM:881\|1,330+] (Murray 4000:N/A) (EPD product) American auto-educated intellectual, activist, and publicist; noted for his voluminous writings on his respective views as a Presbyterian (1822) turned Universalism pastor (1831) turned infidel-atheist (1840) turned Roman Catholic (1844); first-slating: 155\|#530 (Mar 2018).
— 631	Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)	=153	[RGM:307\|1,305+]
— 632	Robert Fulton (1765-1815)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:755) [RGM:N/A\|1,500+] American inventor, engineer, and artist; in 1800, after being commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte, leader of France, to attempt to design a submarine; he produced the Nautilus, the first practical submarine in history; in 1807, he built The North River Steamboat (later Clermont), the first commercially viable steamboat, which traveled on the Hudson River with passengers, from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of 300 miles, in 62 hours.
— 633	Livy (59BC-17AD)		(Cattell 1000:119) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] (Murray 4000:N/A) Roman historian; noted for his History of Rome (9BC), wherein he discusses the Mucius Scaevola hand burning legend (famously tested by Jean Rousseau and Friedrich Nietzsche in youth); Thomas Jefferson, in his recommended education letter to his nephew Peter Carr, says that one should read the Bible as one “would read Livy or Tacitus”; read by John Mill (Ѻ) between ate 8 and 12; cited in the silent historians problem; first-slating: 155\|#192 (Feb 2018), as below peer historians: Henry Adams (195\|#21), Herodotus (175\|#229), Oswald Spengler (170\|#308), and Bede (160\|#431).
— 634	William Wilberforce (1759-1833)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 635	Henry IV (1553-1610)		(Cattell 1000:76) [RGM:N/A\|1,500+] French king, in power from 1589 to 1610, noted for (add); first-slating: 155\|#613 (Aug 2019).
— 636	Ludwig Tieck (1773-1853) ↓	$IQ_C \,$ =165	Downgrade for going against Goethe, calling his theory-containing novella "torture affinities"; a fact that German writer and novelist Bettina Brentano (1785-1859) let Goethe know.
— 637	Josephus (c.37-100AD)		(Cattell 1000: 645) (CR:7) Roman-Jewish historian, scholar, and hagiographer, oft-cited in the silent historians problem on whether or not he refers to a "Jesus" as the "Christ", a detail that was “unknown” to Origen (c.230AD), who had copies of his works; he also conjectured that the Jewish exodus was based on the 1300BC expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt; first-slating: 155\|#535 (Apr 2018).
— 638	Maria Montessori (1870-1952)	$IQ_B \,$ =157	[RGM:N/A\|1,500+] Italian physician and educator; best known for the philosophy of education, aka Montessori school, that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy.
— 639	Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	His 29th fable quote: "Hippocrates in time arrived at the conclusion that he had not sought whether the heart or the head was the seat of either reason or sense in man and beast" is inscribed at the base of the 1869 Democritus mediating on the seat of the soul statue (Paris).
— 640	Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) ↑	=143 $IQ_O \,$ =125-150	TopTens.com's "10 Smartest People in History" (Ѻ); IQ cited at: 125 (Ѻ), 130 (Ѻ), and 150 (Ѻ); must be at least comparable to: Alexander the Great (IQ=180), Genghis Khan (IQ=?), or Napoleon (IQ=175), all of which sought world domination.
— 641	Simon Bolivar (1783-1830)	$IQ_C \,$ =155 $IQ_W \,$ =145	(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:640\|1,500+] (GCH300:277) Venezuelan statesman and military leader (see: greatest military genius); noted for []
— 642	Hannibal (247-182BC)	$IQ_B \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:107) [RGM:N/A\|1,500+] Carthaginian military commander (see: greatest military genius); noted as the man who nearly brought Rome to its knees.
— 643	Herbert Wells (1866-1946)		[RGM:162\|1,500+] (CR:10) English writer, futurist, and philosopher; “He was a practical electrician fond of whiskey, a heavy, red-haired brute with irregular teeth. He doubted the existence of a deity but accepted Carnot’s cycle, and he had read Shakespeare and found him weak in chemistry.” — Herbert Wells (1906), "Lord of the Dynamos" (Ѻ); in: The Door in the Wall, and Other Stories first-slating: 155\|#501 (Feb 2018).
— 644	Ait Weil Zade [aka Ali Pasha] (1740-1822)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 645	Wallis Budge (1857-1934)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,350+] (Murray 4000:N/A) (RMS:67) English Egyptologist; “It would be improper to assume that Budge, despite his reluctance to adopt the newer German school pronunciation reform, never made valuable and lasting contributions to mainstream Egyptological studies. It was Budge who originally secured the Papyrus of Ani from Egypt and brought it to the British Museum. For this alone, the world owes him a vote of thanks. His books may be questionable by academic standards, but his output was huge, filling a very long bookshelf indeed, and inspiring generations of interested readers. His publication of the elephant folio editions of The Papyrus of Hunefer and The Papyrus of Ani are reason alone to appreciate his genius. Had it not been for Budge, this present volume would not exist.” — Daniel Gunther (2015), “Thoughts on the 20th Anniversary Edition” in the Faulkner-translation of The Egyptian Book of the Dead (pgs. 21-22) noted for his 20+ volume collected works set of the intricacies of Egyptian hieroglyphics translated, with religio-mythology commentary, into English; first-slating: 155\|#540 (Feb 2018).
— 646	Richard Baxter (1615-1691)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 647	Pierre Beranger (1780-1857)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 648	Roger Sperry (1913-1994)		American neurophysiologist; “The cells and fibers of the brain must carry some kind of individual identification tags, presumably cytochemical in nature, by which they are distinguished one from another almost, in many regions, to the level of the single neurons.” — Roger Sperry (c.1965) (Ѻ) Noted for his split-brain research on epileptic cats (1953), after which he did split-brain experiments on humans (1962), wherein he found that the left side of the brain can read words, e.g. “nut”, and the right side of the brain can feel things, grab a “nut”, but not recognize the word; first-slating: IQ:155\|#602 (Jan 2019).
— 649	Paul Broca (1824-1880)		French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist; “The left hemisphere is well-qualified for dominance because we know following Broca’s remarkable work last century that it is the site of speech and ideation center.” — Eugene Schoffeniels (1973), Anti-Chance (pg. 76) noted for work which revealed that the brains of patients suffering from aphasia contained lesions in the left frontal cortex region, aka "Broca's area" (shown); this also relates to the work of Roger Sperry who showed that only the left side of a split-brain was able to recognize written words; first-slating: IQ:155\|#603 (Jan 2019).
— 650	Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865)	$IQ_C \,$ =160	(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] English novelist, biographer, and short story writer; down-graded from: 160\|#550 to 155\|#602 per relative non-notability, as compared to other GFG (Jan 2019).
— 651	Richard Cobden (1804-1865)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 652	Diogenes Laertius (c.190-250AD)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] (CR:11) Greco-Roman dark age citation staple historian; his The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (c.230AD), is heavily-cited for a number of historical topics, e.g. Democritus, monad theory, Zeno of Citium and the slave stealing parable (Ѻ), the existographic data on Epicurus, being and nonbeing, etc.; cited by Dean Simonton (Ѻ), in his Genius 101 (2009), as the first existographical work on geniuses; first slating: 155\|#505 (Feb 2018).
— 653	Georges Danton (1759-1794)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 654	Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 655	Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) ↑		(Cattell 1000:103) [RGM:N/A\|1,350+] (Murray 4000:N/A) Scottish philosopher and historian; “Close thy Byron, open thy Goethe.” — Thomas Carlyle (c.1850) (Ѻ) noted for his The French Revolution (1837), wherein he described members of states general convention of 1789 as gravitating bodies (see: social gravitation); and for his “great men” theory of history, which Henry Buckle and Morris Zucker both grappled with; friends with John Mill and Ralph Emerson; first slating: 155\|#546 (Feb 2018).
— 656	George Fox (1624-1691)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 657	Charles Fox (1749-1806)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 658	Leon Gambetta (1838-1882)	$IQ_C \,$ =155
— 659	Robert Koch (1843-1910)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:1320\|1,500+] (Murray 4000:3\|Med) (Glenn 20:13) German physician; founder of modern bacteriology; known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease; son of a mining engineer, he astounded his parents at the age of five by telling them that he had, with the aid of the newspapers, taught himself to read, a feat which foreshadowed the intelligence and methodical persistence which were to be so characteristic of him; first draft gauged at 155\|#465 (Nov 2017).
— 660	Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:527) [RGM:N/A\|1,500+] American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer;
— 661	Madame Maintenon (1635-1719)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:281) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Second wife of Louis XIV.
— 662	Hugh Miller (1802-1856)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:696) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Self-taught Scottish geologist and writer, folklorist, and an evangelical Christian; he did not believe that later species were descended from earlier ones; he denied the Epicurean theory that new species occasionally budded from the soil, and the Lamarckian theory of development of species, as lacking evidence; argued that all this showed the direct action of a benevolent creator, as attested in the Bible; he accepted the view of Thomas Chalmers that Genesis begins with an account of geological periods, and does not mean that each of them is a day; Noah's Flood was a limited subsidence of the Middle East; geology, to Miller, offered a better version of the argument from design than William Paley could provide, and answered the objections of sceptics, by showing that living species did not arise by chance or by impersonal law.
— 663	Jacques Necker (1732-1804)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:235) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] French statesman and financier.
— 664	Daniel O’Connell (1775-1847)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:438) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Irish patriot and orator.
— 665	Otto Weininger (1880-1903)		[RGM:238\|1,350+] Austrian philosopher; noted for his 1903 Eros and Psyche or Sex and Character: A Fundamental Investigation, published four months before he shot himself in the heart (see: founders and suicide), in which he claims to be "the first" to pick up on Goethe’s chemical affinity theory of relationships, passions, sex, marriage and divorce; first slating: 180\|#106 (Dec 2016); down-graded ↓ to 175\|#225 upon reading first 100-pgs of his Sex and Character; down-grade ↓ to 155\|#560 after finishing Sex and Character (Mar 2018), if not NOT in top 1000 altogether [?].
— 666	Giovanni Palestrina (1525-1594)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:471) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Italian composer.
— 667	William Prescott (1796-1859)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:321) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] American historian.
— 668	Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:187) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Italian Dominican friar and preacher.
— 669	Diagoras (c.448-388BC)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] (FA:17) Cited by Cicero (On The Nature of the Gods, 45BC), along with Theodorus, as the first person to profess that gods do not exist at all (see: first true atheist); in 430BC, the Athenians erected a bronze inscription offering one talent in silver to anyone who killed; first-draft guesstimated at #475 (Dec 2017).
— 670	William Seward (1801-1872)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:441) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] American statesman; opponent of the spread of slavery, in the years leading up to the American Civil War.
— 671	William Temple (1628-1699)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:470) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] English diplomat, statesman, and author.
— 672	Anthony Van Dyck (1599-1641)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:162) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Flemish painter.
— 673	Nicolas Chamfort (1741-1794)		(Cattell 1000:958) (RGM:565\|1,500+) French writer, epigramist, and aphorist; “The aphorism as a deliberately cultivated literary form, as distinct from something said briefly, did not appear in European literature until the Renaissance, when the aphoristic writings of Erasmus, Michelangelo, Paracelsus and Bacon, but above all those of the line of French philosophers from Montaigne to Chamfort, bestowed on it the distinctive character by which we now recognize it.” — Reginald Hollingdale (1990), “Introduction” to Georg Lichtenberg’s The Waste Books (1799) First-draft slating: IQ:155\|#603 (Jan 2019), generally based on the above.
— 674	Robert Walpole (1676-1745)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:394) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] English statesman.
— 675	William Warburton (1698-1779)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:499) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] English prelate, theological controversialist, and critic.
— 676	Robert Blake (1599-1657)	$IQ_C \,$ =155	(Cattell 1000:460) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] English admiral.
— 677	Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999)	$IQ_O \,$ =200	[RGM:343\|1,320+] American film director, screenwriter, and producer; noted for meticulous to detail and emotion films such as Spartacus, The Shining, Full Metal Jacket, A Clockwork Orange; the nature of this genius is a frequent Quora topic (Ѻ); IQ cited (Ѻ) at 200; first-slating: 155\|#570 (Mar 2018).

			↑ 155+

— 678	Charles Lyell (1797-1875)		(Murray 4000:1\|ES) (Gottlieb 1000:512) (Simmons 100:28) (CR:11) Scottish-born English lawyer turned geologist; - “Hitherto, no rival hypothesis has been proposed as a substitute for the doctrine of transmutation; for ‘independent creation’, as it is often termed, or the direct intervention of the ‘supreme cause’, must simply be considered as an avowal that we deem the question to lie beyond the domain of science.” — Charles Lyell (1863), The Antiquity of Man (pg. 421) (Ѻ) - noted for his 1830 Principles of Geology, published in three volumes (1830-33), wherein he showed that according to geological evidence that the earth was more than 300-million years old, rather than 6,000-years-old, the Biblical view; very influential book to Charles Darwin and his evolution theory; first-slating: 150\|#570 (Mar, 2018).
— 679	Benoit de Maillet (1656-1738) ↑		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,360+]French natural philosopher, diplomat, and proto-evolution theorist; noted for 1732 Telliamed wherein he proposed, based on falling sea level rates iron, sea boat mooring rings in the desert in Memphis, and sea shells in rocks, that the earth was 2-billion years old, and that humans originally derived from human-like sea creatures; proposed that life began in the water in the form of minuscule seeds that joined together to create all aquatic forms, from which all terrestrial and winged creatures were then derived. In his opinion, all plants and animals would have analogous examples among the aquatic specimens; these religion overhauling notions were influential to Buffon and to Julien la Mettrie; first-slating: 150\|#570 (Apr 2018).
— 680	Rembrandt (1606-1669)	$IQ_{CB} \,$ =150 $IQ_C \,$ =155 $IQ_B \,$ =145	(Cattell 1000:168) [RGM:93\|1,500+] (Murray 4000:7\|WA) Dutch draughtsman, painter and printmaker; “A pious mind, paces honor above wealth.” — Rembrandt (1634) (Ѻ) “Giotto, Titian, Rembrandt, and Goya were the great painters. I am only a public clown.” — Pablo Picasso (1952), Interview (Ѻ) regarded as the greatest artist of Holland's ‘golden age’; his “Pendant Portraits of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit”, which sold for $190M, is the eight most expensive painting (Ѻ) in history; is ranked #4 in Ranker.com’s Best Painters of All Time (Ѻ) listing; his “The Night Watch”, adjacent, is Ranker.com ranked at #23 “Best Paintings of All Time” (Ѻ) out of 200.
— 681	Horace (65BC-8BC)		(Cattell 1000:53) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] (Murray 4000:16\|WL) Roman poet and Epicurean-Stoic philosopher; first-slating: 150\|#527 (Feb 2018)
— 682	Robert Ingersoll (1833-1899)		[RGM:802\|1,500+] (HD:34) (FA:117) (CR:28) American lawyer, colonel, politician, and free thought orator; “Ingersoll is the nearest approach we Americans have had to Voltaire.” — James Gillis (1925) nicknamed the “great agnostic”, “great American atheist” (1888) (Ѻ), and or the "pagan prophet" (Hecht, 2003), noted for being one of the first to state that "Adam and Eve never existed" (c.1882), for making one of the first atheist eulogies, for being one of the supposed atheist rocks to avoid in the Christian captain anecdote, and for being one of the most-prolific atheism quotesmiths; first-slating: 150\|#633 (Jan 2019).
— 683	Alfred Mayer (1836-1897)		(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,330+] (Murray 4000:18\|P) American experimental genius; in 1878, in expanding on the earlier c.1590 floating loadstone experiments of William Gilbert, he put charged needles in cork floating in water, above which he put an opposite-charged magnet, and therein discerned geometric patterns, changing per number of needles; this data served as the theoretical basis for Joseph Thomson’s 1904 plum pudding model of the atom, two big stepping stones in the development of atomic theory; first slating: 150\|#567 (Feb 2018).
— 684	Strabo (c.63BC-24AD)		(Cattell 1000:500) Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian, noted for his 23AD Geography, which established the science of geography, based on then-current views, and historical precursor models; first-slating: IQ:150\|#633 (Jan 2019).
— 685	William Crookes (1832-1919)		(Murray 4000:12) (CR:3) British chemist and physicist; noted for his for his 1870 invention of the Crooke tube, and cathode-ray studies, fundamental in the development of atomic physics (specifically Joseph Thomson's 1897 paper, published after experimenting with cathode-ray tubes, in which he postulated that the cathode rays are streams of “negatively electrified particles” [i.e. electrons] with mass; data from which, in 1904, became the backbone of the “plum pudding model” of atomic theory), and for his discovery of the element thallium; first-slating: 150\|#663 (Oct 2019).
— 686	Duns Scotus (1266-1308)		(Gottlieb 1000:635) (Stokes 100:23) Scottish philosopher and theologian, aka "medieval Kant" (Anar, 2019); oft-grouped with: Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham (who he influenced), and Francisco Suarez as top four middle ages philosopher theologians; influenced: Rene Descartes, Martin Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze, Antonius Andreas; first-slating: 150\|#662 (Sep 2019).
— 687	Horatio Nelson (1758-1805)	$IQ_{CB} \,$ =148 $IQ_C \,$ =150 $IQ_B \,$ =145	(Cattell 1000:N/A) [RGM:N/A\|1,500+] [GCH:6\|300+] British naval commander and national hero; famous for his naval victories against the French during the Napoleonic Wars.
— 688	Joseph Leidy (1823-1891)		One of fabled "last persons to know everything" (although this epitaph seems to more of an overzealous labeling of his biographer American anatomist and biologist Leonard Warren, who was curious to know about this rather unknown University of Pennsylvania biology-paleontology pioneer folk hero, pictured above his office); first-draft IQ gauged at 130-155 (c.2015).
— 689	Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929)		One of fabled "last persons to know everything"; IQ first-draft guesstimated at 130-155 (c.2015).
— 690	C.S. Lewis (1898-1963)		Irish-born English writer and theism / atheism commentator; said to have “extremely high intelligence in the linguistic domain”, but unable to pass a school certificate mathematics exam, despite many attempts (see: IQ tests and mislabeled geniuses); a common query (Ѻ) is who, J.R.R Tolkien [RGM:67\|1,300+] or Lewis, had a higher IQ? First-slating: 150\|#616 (Jul 2018)
— 691	Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)	=151	[RGM:359\|1,305+] a top American President (see: American Presidents by IQ).
— 692	Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)	$IQ_B \,$ =150
— 693	Frederick Alexander (1869-1955)	$IQ_B \,$ =150	[RGM:N/A\|1,310+] Australian Shakespearian actor; noted for the “Alexander technique”, a psycho-physical re-learning process aimed at fixing ailments, and to recognize and overcome reactive, habitual limitations in movement and thinking.
— 694	Martha Graham (1895-1991)	$IQ_B \,$ =148	[RGM:834\|1,500+] American dance choreographer; inspiration to Madonna, who stated upon meeting her: “she absolutely lived up to all my expectations with her wit, intelligence, and nerve-wracking imperiousness”.
— 695	Muhammad Ali (1942-2016)	$IQ_B \,$ =147	[RGM:786\|1,310+] American boxer and activist.
— 696	Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) ↑↑	$IQ_B \,$ =140	(Cattell 1000:231) [RGM:40\|1,330+] (Murray 4000:N/A) (Hart 100:3) German blacksmith, goldsmith, and engraver; noted for his c.1450 invention of the movable type printing press; upgraded from 140\|#614 to 150\|#575 (Feb 2018).
— 697	John Bright (1811-1889)	$IQ_C \,$ =150	(Cattell 1000:366) [RGM:212\|1,310+] English liberal statesman and orator.
— 698	Robert Burns (1759-1796)	$IQ_C \,$ =150	(Cattell 1000:92) [RGM:753\|1,500+] Scottish lyric poet; “Facts are chiels that winna ding, an’ downa be disputed.” — Robert Burns (1786), A Dream (Ѻ)(Ѻ); cited by Steven Shapin (1985) in Leviathan and the Air Pump (pg. 22)
— 699	Hesiod (c.750-650BC)		(Cattell 1000:477) [RGM:N/A\|1,310+] (ACR:20±) (CR:12) his Theogony, aka “birth of the gods”, translated the general scheme of main Egyptian creation myths, into a new Greek god framework; first-draft slated at #525 (Jan 2018).
— 700	Hans Lippershey (1570-1619)		(GAE:#) (CR:3) German-born Dutch spectacle maker; he is generally credited (Ѻ) with the invention of the telescope or “Dutch perspective glass”; a device he tried to obtain a patent for in 1608; news of this design reached the ears of Galileo, who improved on the designs; on 7 Jan 1610, Galileo had built a new improved 30 power telescope (shown adjacent), and pointed it towards Jupiter, and found three small, bright stars near the planet (Ѻ); that year, he published a small book titled The Starry Messenger, outlining his findings; first draft gauged at IQ:150\|#490 (Nov 2017); upgrade from 150\|#700 to (add) (Apr, 2020).

Previous
● Top 1000 geniuses: 1-100 | IQ: 225-180
● Top 1000 geniuses: 101-200 | IQ: 180-180
● Top 1000 geniuses: 201-300 | IQ: 180-175
● Top 1000 geniuses: 301-400 | IQ: 175-170
● Top 1000 geniuses: 401-500 | IQ: 170-165
● Top 1000 geniuses: 501-600 | IQ: 165-160
● Top 1000 geniuses: 601-700 | IQ: 160-150
● Top 1000 geniuses: 701-800 | IQ: 150-140
● Top 1000 geniuses: 801-900
● Top 1000 geniuses: 901-1000
● Top 1000 geniuses (candidates)

Notes
N1. Note: see "IQ key" page for IQ subscript symbol meaning.

References

1. Terman, Lewis. (1916). The Measurement of Intelligence: an Explanation of and a Complete Guide for he Use of the Stanford Guide for the Use of the Stanford Revision and Extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale (classification of intelligence, pg. 79; I.Q., pg. 53, etc.). Houghton Mifflin Co.

2. Adams, Susan, et al. (2017). “The 100 Greatest Living Business Minds”, Forbes 100th Anniversary Issue (pg. 116), Dec 18.

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